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Posted by Dr. Deepti Asthana on 2-08-2026
Endometriosis, a typical female reproductive condition, affects about 6–10 percent of women of reproductive age across the world. This health condition often goes undiagnosed whereas the symptoms are usually noticeable during the reproductive years of a woman.
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Endometriosis is a female reproductive disorder that can be defined as the abnormal growth of endometrial cells that are quite similar to uterine cells, but in a different location than the uterus.
Endometriosis affects about 6 to 10 percent of women of reproductive age across the world.
This health condition often goes undiagnosed, even while symptoms are present.
The endometrial tissue most often grows in the bowel, the ovaries, and the tissues lining the pelvis.
Rarely, the endometrial tissue might spread beyond the pelvic region altogether.
The hormonal changes stimulated by menstrual cycles may affect the ectopic tissue, which causes pain and inflammation. In other words, the endometrial tissue will grow, thicken, and break down over a while. The broken tissue has nowhere to go and ends up getting trapped in the pelvis, and this may cause scar formation, irritation, fertility problems, severe pain during menstrual cycles, and adhesions.
The female reproductive disorder is classified into four stages, based on the extent, depth and location of the endometriosis implants, the severity and presence of scar tissue, and the size and presence of endometrial tissue in the ovaries.
| Stage | What is found | Additional notes |
|---|---|---|
| Stage I — Minimal | Minor wounds or lesions, and shallow endometrial implants on the ovary. | May or may not involve inflammation in or around the pelvic cavity. |
| Stage II — Mild | Shallow implants and light lesions on the pelvic lining and the ovary. | Slightly more extensive than Stage I, still limited in depth. |
| Stage III — Moderate | Deep implants on the pelvic lining and the ovary. | May or may not involve lesions elsewhere. |
| Stage IV — Severe | Deep implants on the ovaries and pelvic lining. | With or without lesions on the bowels and fallopian tubes. |
The stage of the disease does not always match the intensity of symptoms. Some women with widespread Stage IV disease have relatively little pain, while others with minimal Stage I disease are severely affected. Treatment is planned around the individual, not the stage number alone.
The most common signs and symptoms of endometriosis include:
Pain from endometriosis often builds in the days before a period and peaks during it, but it is not confined to menstruation. Many women also feel it during ovulation, during intercourse, or as a constant background ache in the pelvis.
Because the pain is cyclical, it is frequently dismissed as ordinary period pain for years before the underlying cause is investigated.
Endometrial tissue outside the uterus can distort the pelvic anatomy, scar the fallopian tubes and alter the environment the egg and sperm need to meet. It is one of the more common findings in couples being investigated for difficulty conceiving.
Not every woman with endometriosis has trouble conceiving, and the effect on fertility varies enormously with the stage of disease.
The broken-down tissue has nowhere to go and ends up trapped in the pelvis. Over repeated cycles this can cause scar formation and adhesions, where organs that should move freely against each other become stuck.
Adhesions are part of what makes later surgery, if needed, more involved than a routine laparoscopy.
The exact cause of this common gynecological condition is unknown. One theory is that the retrograde flow of menstrual debris through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal and pelvic cavities is responsible for deposits of the endometrial tissue in unusual locations.
Another possibility is the thinning of the lining of other tissue forms such as the endometrium. It is also possible that the endometrial cells may get attached to a surgical incision after a C-section or hysterectomy.
Effective treatment of endometriosis requires an accurate diagnosis. For this, the best doctor for endometriosis treatment in Gurgaon may recommend one or more of the following tests:
Access the best treatment from a top endometriosis specialist in Gurgaon at the right cost of endometriosis treatment in Gurgaon now.
The doctor may recommend surgical or medical procedures depending on your medical case’s severity and overall health.
| Situation | Usual approach | What it involves |
|---|---|---|
| Mild symptoms, disease confined to a small area | Medical management usually tried first | Pain relief and hormonal therapy to control the underlying disease |
| Pain not controlled by medicine | Laparoscopy | Excision or cauterisation of lesions, with scar tissue removed |
| Extensive or deeply infiltrating disease | Laparotomy | Usually a last resort, when laparoscopic access is not sufficient |
| Severe disease, family complete | Hysterectomy | Considered when other treatment has failed and children are not planned |
Medical management of endometriosis may include pain medications such as NSAIDs, and hormonal therapy to treat pain and discomfort.
NSAIDs are commonly used first, to control pain and inflammation during flare-ups and around menstruation.
Combined pills or a hormonal IUD reduce the hormonal stimulation of endometrial tissue and lighten periods.
Progestins suppress the growth of endometrial tissue and are a useful option for women who cannot take oestrogen.
Used in more resistant cases to reduce oestrogen production throughout the body, usually alongside another hormonal treatment.
These induce a temporary, reversible menopause-like state to starve the endometrial tissue of the hormones that drive it.
The doctor and the team carefully assess your medical condition and review your health reports before deciding on the best treatment procedure. This comprehensive analysis plays a big role in ensuring successful treatment and quick healing.
When medical management is not enough, surgery becomes the next step, chosen according to how extensive the disease is.
During this procedure, the surgeon makes use of an instrument for slightly inflating the abdomen with gas and then inserting a laparoscope, a small instrument, into the abdomen through a small cut to view the growths. The surgeon may use techniques such as excision or cauterisation to remove or destroy the lesions along with removing the scar tissue.
During this surgical procedure, the surgeon removes the endometriosis patches through a larger incision. It is usually performed as a last resort for treating endometriosis, when laparoscopic access is not enough.
The surgeon removes the uterus during this procedure, and may also remove the fallopian tubes and ovaries if the damage is severe or if the ovaries have endometriosis on them. It is usually recommended to women who don't have any plans to have children in the future and when symptoms don't go away despite other forms of treatment.
Endometriosis is a long-term condition, and a few habits alongside treatment make a real difference to how it is managed day to day.
Dr. Deepti Asthana is a highly distinguished Obstetrician, Gynecologist, and minimally invasive surgeon with over 14 years of clinical experience. Holding an MBBS from KGMC, Lucknow, and an MS from SMS Medical College, Jaipur, she serves as a Consultant at Fortis Memorial Research Institute and is the Director of Kalosa Aesthetics.
Endometriosis is a complex, painful condition where uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus, often causing severe pelvic pain and infertility. Finding the right Endometriosis Treatment Doctor In Gurgaon is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and lasting relief. Equipped with a Fellowship in Minimal Invasive Surgery, Dr. Asthana is widely recognized as a leading Endometriosis Treatment Doctor In Gurgaon.
Recognising that patient care, a gentle bedside manner and precise clinical outcomes come first, Dr Deepti Asthana takes pride in being a compassionate doctor who always puts her patients’ needs first.
I am very satisfied and happy with the results of my treatment. She is an amazing doctor — very kind and humble. She made me understand what was the right choice for me even before the procedure, and I am glad I chose to trust her. The staff is also very polite and cooperative.
At first I was a little anxious, but after meeting the staff and Dr Asthana herself I felt reassured. After the procedure I was very satisfied with the outcome and the care I received throughout.
At first I was a little anxious, but after meeting the staff and Dr Asthana herself I felt reassured. After the procedure I was very satisfied with the outcome and the care I received throughout.
Dr Deepti Asthana answers the questions patients ask most often in the clinic.
The signs that separate ordinary period pain from endometriosis.
How endometriosis affects conception and what treatment can achieve.
The signs that separate ordinary period pain from endometriosis.
Short expert insights on endometriosis, women’s health and gynecological treatments.
Endometriosis is a female reproductive disorder defined as the abnormal growth of endometrial cells, quite similar to uterine cells, but in a different location than the uterus. The endometrial tissue starts growing in the bowel, ovaries, and tissues lining the pelvis, and rarely spreads beyond the pelvic region.
Endometriosis is classified into four stages: Stage I (minimal), Stage II (mild), Stage III (moderate) and Stage IV (severe), based on the extent, depth and location of the implants, the presence of scar tissue, and the size of endometrial tissue in the ovaries.
The exact cause is unknown. One theory is that retrograde flow of menstrual debris through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal and pelvic cavities deposits endometrial tissue in unusual locations. Endometrial cells may also attach to a surgical incision after a caesarean section or hysterectomy.
The most common signs include pelvic pain, painful menstrual cycles, discomfort with bowel movements, pain during sexual intercourse, lower abdomen pain or cramps before and during menstruation, and irregular or heavy menstruation.
Diagnosis usually combines a detailed history, a physical exam, and imaging such as an abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound or MRI. A CA-125 blood test may be used to support the picture, and laparoscopy remains the most accurate and definite way to confirm the diagnosis, allowing tissue to be removed in the same procedure.
Yes, endometriosis is one of the more common findings in couples being investigated for difficulty conceiving, since it can distort pelvic anatomy and scar the fallopian tubes. The effect varies widely with the stage of disease, and many women with endometriosis do conceive without difficulty.
Treatment depends on the severity of the case and can be medical or surgical. Medical management includes pain medication and hormonal therapy such as contraceptives, progestins, aromatase inhibitors and GnRH agonists or antagonists. Surgical options range from laparoscopy to laparotomy and, in severe cases, hysterectomy.
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure done under general anaesthesia, so it is not painful during surgery. Most women go home within a day or two and return to normal activity within one to two weeks, with some soreness at the incision sites in the meantime.
Endometrial implants can recur after surgery, since surgery treats the visible disease rather than the underlying tendency to develop it. Combining surgery with medical management afterwards, and having periodic review, reduces the chance of symptoms returning.
A hysterectomy is usually recommended for women who don't have any plans to have children in the future and when symptoms don't go away despite other forms of treatment. It is considered a last resort rather than a first-line option.